Chapter 9
33 verses — switch translations with the toolbar below.
Scripture
KJV1I say the truth in Christ, I lie not, my conscience also bearing me witness in the Holy Ghost,
2That I have great heaviness and continual sorrow in my heart.
3For I could wish that myself were accursed from Christ for my brethren, my kinsmen according to the flesh:
4Who are Israelites; to whom pertaineth the adoption, and the glory, and the covenants, and the giving of the law, and the service of God, and the promises;
5Whose are the fathers, and of whom as concerning the flesh Christ came, who is over all, God blessed for ever. Amen.
6Not as though the word of God hath taken none effect. For they are not all Israel, which are of Israel:
7Neither, because they are the seed of Abraham, are they all children: but, In Isaac shall thy seed be called.
8That is, They which are the children of the flesh, these are not the children of God: but the children of the promise are counted for the seed.
9For this is the word of promise, At this time will I come, and Sarah shall have a son.
10And not only this; but when Rebecca also had conceived by one, even by our father Isaac;
11(For the children being not yet born, neither having done any good or evil, that the purpose of God according to election might stand, not of works, but of him that calleth;)
12It was said unto her, The elder shall serve the younger.
13As it is written, Jacob have I loved, but Esau have I hated.
14What shall we say then? Is there unrighteousness with God? God forbid.
15For he saith to Moses, I will have mercy on whom I will have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I will have compassion.
16So then it is not of him that willeth, nor of him that runneth, but of God that sheweth mercy.
17For the scripture saith unto Pharaoh, Even for this same purpose have I raised thee up, that I might shew my power in thee, and that my name might be declared throughout all the earth.
18Therefore hath he mercy on whom he will have mercy, and whom he will he hardeneth.
19Thou wilt say then unto me, Why doth he yet find fault? For who hath resisted his will?
20Nay but, O man, who art thou that repliest against God? Shall the thing formed say to him that formed it, Why hast thou made me thus?
21Hath not the potter power over the clay, of the same lump to make one vessel unto honour, and another unto dishonour?
22What if God, willing to shew his wrath, and to make his power known, endured with much longsuffering the vessels of wrath fitted to destruction:
23And that he might make known the riches of his glory on the vessels of mercy, which he had afore prepared unto glory,
24Even us, whom he hath called, not of the Jews only, but also of the Gentiles?
25As he saith also in Osee, I will call them my people, which were not my people; and her beloved, which was not beloved.
26And it shall come to pass, that in the place where it was said unto them, Ye are not my people; there shall they be called the children of the living God.
27Esaias also crieth concerning Israel, Though the number of the children of Israel be as the sand of the sea, a remnant shall be saved:
28For he will finish the work, and cut it short in righteousness: because a short work will the Lord make upon the earth.
29And as Esaias said before, Except the Lord of Sabaoth had left us a seed, we had been as Sodoma, and been made like unto Gomorrha.
30What shall we say then? That the Gentiles, which followed not after righteousness, have attained to righteousness, even the righteousness which is of faith.
31But Israel, which followed after the law of righteousness, hath not attained to the law of righteousness.
32Wherefore? Because they sought it not by faith, but as it were by the works of the law. For they stumbled at that stumblingstone;
33As it is written, Behold, I lay in Sion a stumblingstone and rock of offence: and whosoever believeth on him shall not be ashamed.
“So then it is not of him that willeth, nor of him that runneth, but of God that sheweth mercy.”
Overview
Paul expresses deep sorrow over Israel's unbelief, declaring he could wish himself accursed for the sake of his kinsmen according to the flesh. He argues that God's word has not failed because not all who are of Israel are truly Israel — God's promises run through the line of faith, not merely physical descent. He defends God's sovereign right to have mercy on whom He will, using the imagery of the potter and the clay, and shows that God has called a people from both Jews and Gentiles according to His purpose.
Key Themes
God's Sovereign Election
God's purposes in salvation run according to His sovereign choice — 'I will have mercy on whom I will have mercy' — not according to human will or effort.
The True Israel of Faith
Physical descent from Abraham does not guarantee inclusion in God's promises; the children of the promise, not merely the children of the flesh, are counted as the seed.
The Potter and the Clay
God as the sovereign Creator has the right to form vessels for different purposes, and the clay has no standing to question the Potter's design.
Study Questions
What does Paul's willingness to be 'accursed from Christ' for his kinsmen (v. 3) reveal about his heart, and how does it challenge our love for the lost?
How do you understand the statement 'they are not all Israel, which are of Israel' (v. 6), and what does this mean for the nature of God's people?
How does the potter and clay analogy (vv. 20-21) help us understand God's sovereignty, and how do we hold this alongside human responsibility?
What does it mean that God 'endured with much longsuffering the vessels of wrath fitted to destruction' (v. 22)?
How does Paul's quotation of Hosea — 'I will call them my people, which were not my people' (v. 25) — apply to Gentile believers today?
Connection to Christ
Christ is the stumbling stone laid in Zion over which Israel stumbled (v. 33). Israel pursued righteousness by the works of the law but failed because they did not seek it by faith in Christ. Jesus is the dividing line: those who believe in Him, whether Jew or Gentile, are not ashamed, while those who reject Him stumble.
Personal Reflection
Take time to journal or meditate on what God is teaching you through Romans 9. How can these truths transform your thinking and actions today?