DeuteronomyStudy Guide

Chapter 21

Themes, discussion questions, Christ connections, and denomination lenses.

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Scripture

KJV

1If one be found slain in the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee to possess it, lying in the field, and it be not known who hath slain him:

2Then thy elders and thy judges shall come forth, and they shall measure unto the cities which are round about him that is slain:

3And it shall be, that the city which is next unto the slain man, even the elders of that city shall take an heifer, which hath not been wrought with, and which hath not drawn in the yoke;

4And the elders of that city shall bring down the heifer unto a rough valley, which is neither eared nor sown, and shall strike off the heifer’s neck there in the valley:

5And the priests the sons of Levi shall come near; for them the LORD thy God hath chosen to minister unto him, and to bless in the name of the LORD; and by their word shall every controversy and every stroke be tried:

6And all the elders of that city, that are next unto the slain man, shall wash their hands over the heifer that is beheaded in the valley:

7And they shall answer and say, Our hands have not shed this blood, neither have our eyes seen it.

8Be merciful, O LORD, unto thy people Israel, whom thou hast redeemed, and lay not innocent blood unto thy people of Israel’s charge. And the blood shall be forgiven them.

9So shalt thou put away the guilt of innocent blood from among you, when thou shalt do that which is right in the sight of the LORD.

10When thou goest forth to war against thine enemies, and the LORD thy God hath delivered them into thine hands, and thou hast taken them captive,

11And seest among the captives a beautiful woman, and hast a desire unto her, that thou wouldest have her to thy wife;

12Then thou shalt bring her home to thine house; and she shall shave her head, and pare her nails;

13And she shall put the raiment of her captivity from off her, and shall remain in thine house, and bewail her father and her mother a full month: and after that thou shalt go in unto her, and be her husband, and she shall be thy wife.

14And it shall be, if thou have no delight in her, then thou shalt let her go whither she will; but thou shalt not sell her at all for money, thou shalt not make merchandise of her, because thou hast humbled her.

15If a man have two wives, one beloved, and another hated, and they have born him children, both the beloved and the hated; and if the firstborn son be hers that was hated:

16Then it shall be, when he maketh his sons to inherit that which he hath, that he may not make the son of the beloved firstborn before the son of the hated, which is indeed the firstborn:

17But he shall acknowledge the son of the hated for the firstborn, by giving him a double portion of all that he hath: for he is the beginning of his strength; the right of the firstborn is his.

18If a man have a stubborn and rebellious son, which will not obey the voice of his father, or the voice of his mother, and that, when they have chastened him, will not hearken unto them:

19Then shall his father and his mother lay hold on him, and bring him out unto the elders of his city, and unto the gate of his place;

20And they shall say unto the elders of his city, This our son is stubborn and rebellious, he will not obey our voice; he is a glutton, and a drunkard.

21And all the men of his city shall stone him with stones, that he die: so shalt thou put evil away from among you; and all Israel shall hear, and fear.

22And if a man have committed a sin worthy of death, and he be to be put to death, and thou hang him on a tree:

23His body shall not remain all night upon the tree, but thou shalt in any wise bury him that day; (for he that is hanged is accursed of God;) that thy land be not defiled, which the LORD thy God giveth thee for an inheritance.

Key VerseDeuteronomy 21:23

His body shall not remain all night upon the tree, but thou shalt in any wise bury him that day; (for he that is hanged is accursed of God;) that thy land be not defiled, which the LORD thy God giveth thee for an inheritance.

Overview

Moses gives a collection of laws for various situations: the ritual for an unsolved murder (a heifer with a broken neck), the treatment of a captive woman taken as a wife, the rights of the firstborn son even when his mother is less loved, the punishment of a rebellious son by stoning, and the requirement that a hanged man's body must not remain on the tree overnight because 'he that is hanged is accursed of God.'

Key Themes

1

Corporate Responsibility for Bloodshed

When a murder is unsolved, the nearest city must perform a ritual of atonement, teaching that unpunished bloodshed defiles the community and guilt is communal, not only individual.

2

Protection of the Vulnerable

The laws regarding captive women, less-loved wives, and firstborn sons all establish protections for those who might be exploited or neglected in a patriarchal society.

3

Cursed Is He Who Hangs on a Tree

A hanged criminal must be buried the same day because hanging signifies being under God's curse — this seemingly obscure law carries enormous theological weight in the New Testament.

Study Questions

1.

What does the heifer ritual for unsolved murders teach about communal guilt and the need for atonement even when the guilty party is unknown?

2.

How do the laws about captive women and less-loved wives limit the potential for abuse and protect vulnerable members of society?

3.

Why must the body of a hanged person be removed before nightfall — what is the connection between hanging and being 'accursed of God'?

4.

How does the law of the rebellious son demonstrate the seriousness of family breakdown and parental authority in Israel?

5.

What is the relationship between these diverse laws — is there a unifying principle connecting them?

Connection to Christ

Paul quotes Deuteronomy 21:23 in Galatians 3:13: 'Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the law, being made a curse for us: for it is written, Cursed is every one that hangeth on a tree.' Jesus, hanging on the cross, bore the curse that the law pronounced, so that the blessing of Abraham might come to all who believe.

Personal Reflection

Take time to journal or meditate on what God is teaching you through Deuteronomy 21. How can these truths transform your thinking and actions today?

Deuteronomy

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