Luke 23:34
“Then said Jesus, Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do. And they parted his raiment, and cast lots.”
King James Version (KJV)
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This verse records Jesus' first saying from the cross during the crucifixion (Luke 23:33-38), as soldiers crucify Him and divide His garments.
What Does Luke 23:34 Mean?
From the cross, in the midst of being crucified, Jesus prays for the very people putting Him to death, asking the Father to forgive them. These are among His first words from the cross, spoken not in protest or curse but in mercy. While soldiers drive in nails and gamble for His clothing, He intercedes for them, embodying the love for enemies He had taught throughout His ministry.
"Father, forgive them" is a prayer, turning to God on behalf of those who wrong Him rather than calling down judgment. The reason He gives -- "for they know not what they do" -- does not excuse the act but acknowledges that those involved did not grasp the full horror of crucifying the innocent one sent by God. The detail that follows is deliberately stark: as Jesus prays mercy, the soldiers "parted his raiment, and cast lots," fulfilling Scripture and showing human indifference at its plainest. The contrast is the heart of the verse: cruelty and gambling on one side, pure intercession on the other. This is forgiveness offered before any repentance is shown, flowing freely from the one being wronged. For the reader, it sets the highest pattern of mercy and reveals the character of the God Jesus reveals -- one whose instinct toward those who fail Him is to seek their forgiveness.
In the Original Language
"Forgive" is aphiemi, to release, send away, or pardon. "They know not" uses oida, to perceive or understand, indicating they did not fully grasp what they were doing.
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Application
Jesus forgave before anyone asked, even those actively harming Him. Let His prayer reshape how you respond to those who wrong you, choosing mercy over retaliation.
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