RomansStudy Guide

Chapter 4

Themes, discussion questions, Christ connections, and denomination lenses.

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Scripture

KJV

1What shall we say then that Abraham our father, as pertaining to the flesh, hath found?

2For if Abraham were justified by works, he hath whereof to glory; but not before God.

3For what saith the scripture? Abraham believed God, and it was counted unto him for righteousness.

4Now to him that worketh is the reward not reckoned of grace, but of debt.

5But to him that worketh not, but believeth on him that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is counted for righteousness.

6Even as David also describeth the blessedness of the man, unto whom God imputeth righteousness without works,

7Saying, Blessed are they whose iniquities are forgiven, and whose sins are covered.

8Blessed is the man to whom the Lord will not impute sin.

9Cometh this blessedness then upon the circumcision only, or upon the uncircumcision also? for we say that faith was reckoned to Abraham for righteousness.

10How was it then reckoned? when he was in circumcision, or in uncircumcision? Not in circumcision, but in uncircumcision.

11And he received the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of the faith which he had yet being uncircumcised: that he might be the father of all them that believe, though they be not circumcised; that righteousness might be imputed unto them also:

12And the father of circumcision to them who are not of the circumcision only, but who also walk in the steps of that faith of our father Abraham, which he had being yet uncircumcised.

13For the promise, that he should be the heir of the world, was not to Abraham, or to his seed, through the law, but through the righteousness of faith.

14For if they which are of the law be heirs, faith is made void, and the promise made of none effect:

15Because the law worketh wrath: for where no law is, there is no transgression.

16Therefore it is of faith, that it might be by grace; to the end the promise might be sure to all the seed; not to that only which is of the law, but to that also which is of the faith of Abraham; who is the father of us all,

17(As it is written, I have made thee a father of many nations,) before him whom he believed, even God, who quickeneth the dead, and calleth those things which be not as though they were.

18Who against hope believed in hope, that he might become the father of many nations, according to that which was spoken, So shall thy seed be.

19And being not weak in faith, he considered not his own body now dead, when he was about an hundred years old, neither yet the deadness of Sarah’s womb:

20He staggered not at the promise of God through unbelief; but was strong in faith, giving glory to God;

21And being fully persuaded that, what he had promised, he was able also to perform.

22And therefore it was imputed to him for righteousness.

23Now it was not written for his sake alone, that it was imputed to him;

24But for us also, to whom it shall be imputed, if we believe on him that raised up Jesus our Lord from the dead;

25Who was delivered for our offences, and was raised again for our justification.

Key VerseRomans 4:3

For what saith the scripture? Abraham believed God, and it was counted unto him for righteousness.

Overview

Paul uses Abraham as the supreme Old Testament example of justification by faith, showing that Abraham believed God and it was counted unto him for righteousness — not as wages earned, but as a gift received by faith. He demonstrates that this reckoning of righteousness came before circumcision, making Abraham the father of all who believe, whether circumcised or uncircumcised. Paul concludes by connecting Abraham's faith to ours, declaring that Christ was delivered for our offences and raised again for our justification.

Key Themes

1

Abraham: The Pattern of Faith

Abraham's faith was counted as righteousness before he was circumcised or did any works, proving that justification has always been by faith alone.

2

Grace, Not Wages

To the one who works, the reward is reckoned as a debt owed; but to the one who believes, righteousness is imputed as an unmerited gift of grace.

3

Faith in the God Who Gives Life

Abraham believed in the God who raises the dead and calls things that are not as though they were, trusting the promise against all human impossibility.

Study Questions

1.

How does the example of Abraham prove that justification by faith is not a new doctrine but the pattern God has always used (vv. 1-5)?

2.

What is the difference between righteousness earned as 'wages' and righteousness 'imputed' by faith (vv. 4-5)?

3.

Why is it significant that Abraham was justified before he was circumcised (vv. 9-12), and what does this mean for Gentile believers?

4.

How did Abraham hope 'against hope' (v. 18) and what can we learn from his faith when circumstances seemed impossible?

5.

What does it mean for your daily life that Christ 'was raised again for our justification' (v. 25)?

Connection to Christ

Paul directly ties Abraham's faith to faith in Christ: just as Abraham believed God who gives life to the dead, we believe in Him who raised Jesus our Lord from the dead. Christ's death dealt with our offences and His resurrection secured our justification, completing what Abraham's faith foreshadowed.

Personal Reflection

Take time to journal or meditate on what God is teaching you through Romans 4. How can these truths transform your thinking and actions today?

Romans

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