Chapter 31
Themes, discussion questions, Christ connections, and denomination lenses.
Just read this chapter →Scripture
KJV1And it came to pass in the eleventh year, in the third month, in the first day of the month, that the word of the LORD came unto me, saying,
2Son of man, speak unto Pharaoh king of Egypt, and to his multitude; Whom art thou like in thy greatness?
3Behold, the Assyrian was a cedar in Lebanon with fair branches, and with a shadowing shroud, and of an high stature; and his top was among the thick boughs.
4The waters made him great, the deep set him up on high with her rivers running round about his plants, and sent out her little rivers unto all the trees of the field.
5Therefore his height was exalted above all the trees of the field, and his boughs were multiplied, and his branches became long because of the multitude of waters, when he shot forth.
6All the fowls of heaven made their nests in his boughs, and under his branches did all the beasts of the field bring forth their young, and under his shadow dwelt all great nations.
7Thus was he fair in his greatness, in the length of his branches: for his root was by great waters.
8The cedars in the garden of God could not hide him: the fir trees were not like his boughs, and the chestnut trees were not like his branches; nor any tree in the garden of God was like unto him in his beauty.
9I have made him fair by the multitude of his branches: so that all the trees of Eden, that were in the garden of God, envied him.
10Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Because thou hast lifted up thyself in height, and he hath shot up his top among the thick boughs, and his heart is lifted up in his height;
11I have therefore delivered him into the hand of the mighty one of the heathen; he shall surely deal with him: I have driven him out for his wickedness.
12And strangers, the terrible of the nations, have cut him off, and have left him: upon the mountains and in all the valleys his branches are fallen, and his boughs are broken by all the rivers of the land; and all the people of the earth are gone down from his shadow, and have left him.
13Upon his ruin shall all the fowls of the heaven remain, and all the beasts of the field shall be upon his branches:
14To the end that none of all the trees by the waters exalt themselves for their height, neither shoot up their top among the thick boughs, neither their trees stand up in their height, all that drink water: for they are all delivered unto death, to the nether parts of the earth, in the midst of the children of men, with them that go down to the pit.
15Thus saith the Lord GOD; In the day when he went down to the grave I caused a mourning: I covered the deep for him, and I restrained the floods thereof, and the great waters were stayed: and I caused Lebanon to mourn for him, and all the trees of the field fainted for him.
16I made the nations to shake at the sound of his fall, when I cast him down to hell with them that descend into the pit: and all the trees of Eden, the choice and best of Lebanon, all that drink water, shall be comforted in the nether parts of the earth.
17They also went down into hell with him unto them that be slain with the sword; and they that were his arm, that dwelt under his shadow in the midst of the heathen.
18To whom art thou thus like in glory and in greatness among the trees of Eden? yet shalt thou be brought down with the trees of Eden unto the nether parts of the earth: thou shalt lie in the midst of the uncircumcised with them that be slain by the sword. This is Pharaoh and all his multitude, saith the Lord GOD.
“To the end that none of all the trees by the waters exalt themselves for their height, neither shoot up their top among the thick boughs, neither their trees stand up in their height, all that drink water: for they are all delivered unto death, to the nether parts of the earth, in the midst of the children of men, with them that go down to the pit.”
Overview
God compares Pharaoh to a magnificent cedar in Lebanon — taller than all trees, its branches sheltering nations and birds, watered by deep rivers. Yet because its heart was lifted up in its height, God gave it into the hand of the mighty one of the nations. The great tree was cut down and all the nations moved away from its shadow. The descent of this cedar to the pit caused the deep itself to mourn.
Key Themes
The Towering Cedar
Egypt's greatness is compared to the most majestic cedar in Lebanon — no tree in Eden could match its beauty, a picture of unparalleled national glory.
Exalted Height, Devastating Fall
The very height and beauty of the cedar became the cause of its fall — its heart was lifted up, and God decreed its cutting down as a lesson to all other trees.
A Warning to All Nations
The purpose of the cedar's fall is explicitly stated: 'to the end that none of all the trees exalt themselves' — Egypt's fate is a lesson for every nation that takes pride in its own greatness.
Study Questions
Why does God use the cedar of Lebanon rather than an Egyptian image to describe Pharaoh's greatness?
What does the statement 'his heart is lifted up in his height' (v. 10) teach about the relationship between greatness and pride?
How does the descent of the cedar to the pit (v. 16) affect the surrounding nations?
Why does God say this lesson is intended 'that none of all the trees exalt themselves' (v. 14)?
What modern nations or institutions might be described as towering cedars at risk of the same judgment?
Connection to Christ
The great tree that sheltered the nations in its branches echoes the mustard-seed parable where Christ's kingdom grows to shelter all peoples (Matthew 13:32). Unlike Pharaoh's cedar that fell through pride, Christ's tree grows through humility and will never be cut down.
Personal Reflection
Take time to journal or meditate on what God is teaching you through Ezekiel 31. How can these truths transform your thinking and actions today?