Alma 61
People in this chapter
Alma 61 is the answer to Alma 60, and it changes how we read everything Moroni wrote. Pahoran has not been sitting on a throne in thoughtless stupor. Rebels who opposed him used great flattery, turned the hearts of many, withheld the armies' provisions, and drove him out of Zarahemla (vv. 3-5). They have appointed a king who has allied himself with the king of the Lamanites (v. 8). Pahoran has fled to the land of Gideon and is gathering men who still love freedom.
Tap any highlighted phrase to jump to the commentary that unpacks it.
Alma 61:1-8I Do Not Joy in Your Great Afflictions
1Behold, now it came to pass that soon after Moroni had sent his epistle unto the chief governor, he received an epistle from Pahoran, the chief governor. And these are the words which he received: 2I, Pahoran, who am the chief governor of this land, do send these words unto Moroni, the chief captain over the army. Behold, I say unto you, Moroni, that I do not joy in your great afflictions, yea, it grieves my soul.
Pahoran's first words are about Moroni's suffering. It grieves my soul.
3But behold, there are those who do joy in your afflictions, yea, insomuch that they have risen up in rebellion against me, and also those of my people who are freemen, yea, and those who have risen up are exceedingly numerous. 4And it is those who have sought to take away the judgment-seat from me that have been the cause of this great iniquity; for they have used great flattery, and they have led away the hearts of many people, which will be the cause of sore affliction among us; they have withheld our provisions, and have daunted our freemen that they have not come unto you. 5And behold, they have driven me out before them, and I have fled to the land of Gideon, with as many men as it were possible that I could get. 6And behold, I have sent a proclamation throughout this part of the land; and behold, they are flocking to us daily, to their arms, in the defence of their country and their freedom, and to avenge our wrongs. 7And they have come unto us, insomuch that those who have risen up in rebellion against us are set at defiance, yea, insomuch that they do fear us and durst not come out against us to battle.
Pahoran explains: rebels used flattery to turn many people against him. They kept food and men from reaching the armies and drove him out of the capital. He fled to Gideon and is gathering loyal men there.
8They have got possession of the land, or the city, of Zarahemla; they have appointed a king over them, and he hath written unto the king of the Lamanites, in the which he hath joined an alliance with him; in the which alliance he hath agreed to maintain the city of Zarahemla, which maintenance he supposeth will enable the Lamanites to conquer the remainder of the land, and he shall be placed king over this people when they shall be conquered under the Lamanites.
The rebels have made a king, and he has made a deal with the Lamanite king: hold Zarahemla for the Lamanites, and be made king over the Nephites once they are conquered.
Alma 61:9-14It Mattereth Not
9And now, in your epistle you have censured me, but it mattereth not; I am not angry, but do rejoice in the greatness of your heart. I, Pahoran, do not seek for power, save only to retain my judgment-seat that I may preserve the rights and the liberty of my people. My soul standeth fast in that liberty in the which God hath made us free.
Pahoran answers the charge of seeking power with the same words Moroni used: he does not seek for power. He only wants to keep his seat so he can protect his people's liberty.
10And now, behold, we will resist wickedness even unto bloodshed. We would not shed the blood of the Lamanites if they would stay in their own land. 11We would not shed the blood of our brethren if they would not rise up in rebellion and take the sword against us. 12We would subject ourselves to the yoke of bondage if it were requisite with the justice of God, or if he should command us so to do. 13But behold he doth not command us that we shall subject ourselves to our enemies, but that we should put our trust in him, and he will deliver us.
Pahoran says they would not fight the Lamanites if the Lamanites stayed home, and would not fight their own brethren if they had not rebelled. They fight only to defend.
Pahoran says they would even accept bondage if God commanded it. But God has told them to trust Him, and He will deliver them.
14Therefore, my beloved brother, Moroni, let us resist evil, and whatsoever evil we cannot resist with our words, yea, such as rebellions and dissensions, let us resist them with our swords, that we may retain our freedom, that we may rejoice in the great privilege of our church, and in the cause of our Redeemer and our God.
Pahoran says words come first. Only evil that cannot be stopped with words should be resisted with swords. And the cause they are defending is the cause of the Redeemer.
Alma 61:15-21Stand Fast in That Liberty
15Therefore, come unto me speedily with a few of your men, and leave the remainder in the charge of Lehi and Teancum; give unto them power to conduct the war in that part of the land, according to the Spirit of God, which is also the spirit of freedom which is in them. 16Behold I have sent a few provisions unto them, that they may not perish until ye can come unto me. 17Gather together whatsoever force ye can upon your march hither, and we will go speedily against those dissenters, in the strength of our God according to the faith which is in us. 18And we will take possession of the city of Zarahemla, that we may obtain more food to send forth unto Lehi and Teancum; yea, we will go forth against them in the strength of the Lord, and we will put an end to this great iniquity.
Pahoran asks Moroni to come quickly with a few men and leave the rest with Lehi and Teancum. Together they will retake Zarahemla and send food to the armies.
19And now, Moroni, I do joy in receiving your epistle, for I was somewhat worried concerning what we should do, whether it should be just in us to go against our brethren. 20But ye have said, except they repent the Lord hath commanded you that ye should go against them.
Pahoran is actually glad to get Moroni's letter. He had been unsure whether it was right to fight his own people. Moroni's revelation settled it.
21See that ye strengthen Lehi and Teancum in the Lord; tell them to fear not, for God will deliver them, yea, and also all those who stand fast in that liberty wherewith God hath made them free. And now I close mine epistle to my beloved brother, Moroni.
Pahoran ends his letter to my beloved brother, Moroni. The friendship is intact.
Research trail
Sources & further study
These references support the historical, linguistic, manuscript, and contextual notes in this chapter. Scripture remains the primary text; external sources are provided so readers can inspect the research directly.
- PahoranA summary of Pahoran's service as chief judge, including this letter.
- Meek, MeeknessScripture on meekness. Compare Pahoran's answer to Moroni in verse 9.
- OffendScripture on giving and taking offense.
- LibertyScripture on liberty, both political and spiritual, including the freedom that comes through Christ.
Where this echoes in Scripture
I Do Not Joy in Your Great Afflictions
- Alma 60:7Can you think to sit upon your thrones in a state of thoughtless stupor…The charge Pahoran is answering.
- Alma 51:5-8Desirous that the law should be altered in a manner to overthrow the free government and to establish a king over the land.Where the rebellion began.
- Alma 50:39With an oath and sacred ordinance to judge righteously, and to keep the peace and the freedom of the people.The oath Pahoran took when he became chief judge (Alma 50:40).
- Proverbs 15:1A soft answer turneth away wrath: but grievous words stir up anger.
It Mattereth Not
- Matthew 11:29Learn of me; for I am meek and lowly in heart.
- 1 Peter 2:23When he was reviled, reviled not again.
- Alma 58:37But, behold, it mattereth not—we trust God will deliver us.Helaman had used the same words about the same neglect.
- Mosiah 24:13-15They did submit cheerfully and with patience to all the will of the Lord.A people who bore bondage until the Lord delivered them.
- Moroni 7:45Charity… is not easily provoked, thinketh no evil.
Stand Fast in That Liberty
- Galatians 5:1Stand fast therefore in the liberty wherewith Christ hath made us free, and be not entangled again with the yoke of bondage.
- Alma 60:33If those whom ye have appointed your governors do not repent… ye shall go up to battle against them.The revelation that settled Pahoran's question.
- Alma 62:1Filled with exceedingly great joy because of the faithfulness of Pahoran.How Moroni received this letter.
- 2 Corinthians 3:17Where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty.Pahoran links the Spirit of God and the spirit of freedom (v. 15).
- John 8:36If the Son therefore shall make you free, ye shall be free indeed.