Chapter 1
Themes, discussion questions, Christ connections, and denomination lenses.
Just read this chapter →Scripture
KJV1Now it came to pass in the days when the judges ruled, that there was a famine in the land. And a certain man of Bethlehemjudah went to sojourn in the country of Moab, he, and his wife, and his two sons.
2And the name of the man was Elimelech, and the name of his wife Naomi, and the name of his two sons Mahlon and Chilion, Ephrathites of Bethlehemjudah. And they came into the country of Moab, and continued there.
3And Elimelech Naomi’s husband died; and she was left, and her two sons.
4And they took them wives of the women of Moab; the name of the one was Orpah, and the name of the other Ruth: and they dwelled there about ten years.
5And Mahlon and Chilion died also both of them; and the woman was left of her two sons and her husband.
6Then she arose with her daughters in law, that she might return from the country of Moab: for she had heard in the country of Moab how that the LORD had visited his people in giving them bread.
7Wherefore she went forth out of the place where she was, and her two daughters in law with her; and they went on the way to return unto the land of Judah.
8And Naomi said unto her two daughters in law, Go, return each to her mother’s house: the LORD deal kindly with you, as ye have dealt with the dead, and with me.
9The LORD grant you that ye may find rest, each of you in the house of her husband. Then she kissed them; and they lifted up their voice, and wept.
10And they said unto her, Surely we will return with thee unto thy people.
11And Naomi said, Turn again, my daughters: why will ye go with me? are there yet any more sons in my womb, that they may be your husbands?
12Turn again, my daughters, go your way; for I am too old to have an husband. If I should say, I have hope, if I should have an husband also to night, and should also bear sons;
13Would ye tarry for them till they were grown? would ye stay for them from having husbands? nay, my daughters; for it grieveth me much for your sakes that the hand of the LORD is gone out against me.
14And they lifted up their voice, and wept again: and Orpah kissed her mother in law; but Ruth clave unto her.
15And she said, Behold, thy sister in law is gone back unto her people, and unto her gods: return thou after thy sister in law.
16And Ruth said, Intreat me not to leave thee, or to return from following after thee: for whither thou goest, I will go; and where thou lodgest, I will lodge: thy people shall be my people, and thy God my God:
17Where thou diest, will I die, and there will I be buried: the LORD do so to me, and more also, if ought but death part thee and me.
18When she saw that she was stedfastly minded to go with her, then she left speaking unto her.
19So they two went until they came to Bethlehem. And it came to pass, when they were come to Bethlehem, that all the city was moved about them, and they said, Is this Naomi?
20And she said unto them, Call me not Naomi, call me Mara: for the Almighty hath dealt very bitterly with me.
21I went out full, and the LORD hath brought me home again empty: why then call ye me Naomi, seeing the LORD hath testified against me, and the Almighty hath afflicted me?
22So Naomi returned, and Ruth the Moabitess, her daughter in law, with her, which returned out of the country of Moab: and they came to Bethlehem in the beginning of barley harvest.
“And Ruth said, Intreat me not to leave thee, or to return from following after thee: for whither thou goest, I will go; and where thou lodgest, I will lodge: thy people shall be my people, and thy God my God.”
Overview
During the time of the judges, a famine drives Elimelech and his family from Bethlehem to Moab, where his two sons marry Moabite women, Orpah and Ruth. After Elimelech and both sons die, Naomi decides to return to Bethlehem and urges her daughters-in-law to stay in Moab. Orpah turns back, but Ruth clings to Naomi with one of the most beautiful declarations of loyalty in Scripture: 'Whither thou goest, I will go.'
Key Themes
Loyal Love (Hesed)
Ruth's refusal to abandon Naomi demonstrates hesed — steadfast, covenant-like love that goes beyond obligation and reflects the character of God Himself.
Emptiness and Bitterness
Naomi returns to Bethlehem empty and bitter, renaming herself Mara, yet God is already at work through Ruth to turn her sorrow into joy.
Faith from an Outsider
Ruth the Moabitess chooses the God of Israel as her God, demonstrating that saving faith is not limited by nationality or background.
Study Questions
What does Ruth's declaration in verses 16-17 reveal about the nature of true commitment and covenant love?
Why does Naomi ask to be called 'Mara' (bitter), and what does this reveal about her spiritual state?
How does Ruth's choice to follow Naomi — and Naomi's God — contrast with Orpah's decision to return?
What is the significance of this story beginning during the time of the judges and during a famine in Bethlehem ('house of bread')?
How does Ruth's faith as a Moabite outsider challenge the idea that God's grace is limited to any particular group?
Connection to Christ
Ruth's declaration — 'thy people shall be my people, and thy God my God' — is the language of covenant conversion, foreshadowing the inclusion of Gentiles into the people of God through Christ. As a Moabitess who enters the covenant community by faith, Ruth is named in the genealogy of Jesus (Matthew 1:5), demonstrating that Christ's lineage includes outsiders welcomed by grace.
Personal Reflection
Take time to journal or meditate on what God is teaching you through Ruth 1. How can these truths transform your thinking and actions today?