Alma 3
People in this chapter
Alma 3 begins in the quiet after a battle. The Nephites bury their dead and go home to find that many women and children had been slain with the sword, and their flocks and fields destroyed (vv. 1-2). The war Amlici started reached every household.
Tap any highlighted phrase to jump to the commentary that unpacks it.
Alma 3:1-3After They Had Finished Burying Their Dead
1And it came to pass that the Nephites who were not slain by the weapons of war, after having buried those who had been slain—now the number of the slain were not numbered, because of the greatness of their number—after they had finished burying their dead they all returned to their lands, and to their houses, and their wives, and their children. 2Now many women and children had been slain with the sword, and also many of their flocks and their herds; and also many of their fields of grain were destroyed, for they were trodden down by the hosts of men. 3And now as many of the Lamanites and the Amlicites who had been slain upon the bank of the river Sidon were cast into the waters of Sidon; and behold their bones are in the depths of the sea, and they are many.
After the battle the Nephites bury so many dead that no one can count them. At home they find that women and children have been killed and their crops destroyed.
Alma 3:4-12They Had Marked Themselves
4And the Amlicites were distinguished from the Nephites, for they had marked themselves with red in their foreheads after the manner of the Lamanites; nevertheless they had not shorn their heads like unto the Lamanites. 5Now the heads of the Lamanites were shorn; and they were naked, save it were skin which was girded about their loins, and also their armor, which was girded about them, and their bows, and their arrows, and their stones, and their slings, and so forth.
The Amlicites put a red mark on their own foreheads to show they had joined the Lamanites. It was their own choice.
6And the skins of the Lamanites were dark, according to the mark which was set upon their fathers, which was a curse upon them because of their transgression and their rebellion against their brethren, who consisted of Nephi, Jacob, and Joseph, and Sam, who were just and holy men. 7And their brethren sought to destroy them, therefore they were cursed; and the Lord God set a mark upon them, yea, upon Laman and Lemuel, and also the sons of Ishmael, and Ishmaelitish women. 8And this was done that their seed might be distinguished from the seed of their brethren, that thereby the Lord God might preserve his people, that they might not mix and believe in incorrect traditions which would prove their destruction. 9And it came to pass that whosoever did mingle his seed with that of the Lamanites did bring the same curse upon his seed. 10Therefore, whosoever suffered himself to be led away by the Lamanites was called under that head, and there was a mark set upon him.
Mormon explains the mark on the Lamanites from the older records. The Church today disavows past theories that black skin is a sign of divine disfavor or curse, or that any race is inferior to another, and condemns all racism. The Book of Mormon itself says all are alike unto God (2 Nephi 26:33).
11And it came to pass that whosoever would not believe in the tradition of the Lamanites, but believed those records which were brought out of the land of Jerusalem, and also in the tradition of their fathers, which were correct, who believed in the commandments of God and kept them, were called the Nephites, or the people of Nephi, from that time forth— 12And it is they who have kept the records which are true of their people, and also of the people of the Lamanites.
Mormon defines a Nephite by belief: anyone who believed the records from Jerusalem and kept God's commandments was called a Nephite.
Alma 3:13-19They Brought upon Themselves the Curse
13Now we will return again to the Amlicites, for they also had a mark set upon them; yea, they set the mark upon themselves, yea, even a mark of red upon their foreheads. 14Thus the word of God is fulfilled, for these are the words which he said to Nephi: Behold, the Lamanites have I cursed, and I will set a mark on them that they and their seed may be separated from thee and thy seed, from this time henceforth and forever, except they repent of their wickedness and turn to me that I may have mercy upon them. 15And again: I will set a mark upon him that mingleth his seed with thy brethren, that they may be cursed also. 16And again: I will set a mark upon him that fighteth against thee and thy seed. 17And again, I say he that departeth from thee shall no more be called thy seed; and I will bless thee, and whomsoever shall be called thy seed, henceforth and forever; and these were the promises of the Lord unto Nephi and to his seed.
Mormon quotes four promises the Lord made to Nephi. The last one is a blessing on Nephi and on everyone who would be called his seed.
18Now the Amlicites knew not that they were fulfilling the words of God when they began to mark themselves in their foreheads; nevertheless they had come out in open rebellion against God; therefore it was expedient that the curse should fall upon them. 19Now I would that ye should see that they brought upon themselves the curse; and even so doth every man that is cursed bring upon himself his own condemnation.
The Amlicites did not know they were fulfilling prophecy when they marked themselves. Mormon's lesson: they brought the curse on themselves, and everyone who is condemned brings it on himself.
Alma 3:20-27Wages of Him Whom He Listeth to Obey
20Now it came to pass that not many days after the battle which was fought in the land of Zarahemla, by the Lamanites and the Amlicites, that there was another army of the Lamanites came in upon the people of Nephi, in the same place where the first army met the Amlicites. 21And it came to pass that there was an army sent to drive them out of their land. 22Now Alma himself being afflicted with a wound did not go up to battle at this time against the Lamanites; 23But he sent up a numerous army against them; and they went up and slew many of the Lamanites, and drove the remainder of them out of the borders of their land. 24And then they returned again and began to establish peace in the land, being troubled no more for a time with their enemies. 25Now all these things were done, yea, all these wars and contentions were commenced and ended in the fifth year of the reign of the judges.
Another Lamanite army invades. Alma is wounded and stays behind, but the Nephite army drives the Lamanites out, and peace returns for a time.
26And in one year were thousands and tens of thousands of souls sent to the eternal world, that they might reap their rewards according to their works, whether they were good or whether they were bad, to reap eternal happiness or eternal misery, according to the spirit which they listed to obey, whether it be a good spirit or a bad one. 27For every man receiveth wages of him whom he listeth to obey, and this according to the words of the spirit of prophecy; therefore let it be according to the truth. And thus endeth the fifth year of the reign of the judges.
Mormon reflects on the thousands who died that year. Each one went to the spirit world to reap what they had chosen. Listeth means chooses or wants: we are paid by whomever we choose to obey.
Research trail
Sources & further study
These references support the historical, linguistic, manuscript, and contextual notes in this chapter. Scripture remains the primary text; external sources are provided so readers can inspect the research directly.
- Race and the PriesthoodThe Church's statement that it disavows past theories that black skin is a sign of divine disfavor or curse, or that mixed-race marriages are a sin, and that it condemns all racism. Essential background for verses 6-10 and 14-15.
- LamanitesScriptures on the Lamanites across the Book of Mormon, including the many who repented and were among the most faithful people in the record.
- Amlici, AmlicitesThe Guide's entry on Amlici and his followers, whose self-chosen mark is the subject of verses 4 and 13-19.
Where this echoes in Scripture
After They Had Finished Burying Their Dead
- Alma 4:2-3The people were afflicted, yea, greatly afflicted for the loss of their brethren.The grief that follows this war.
- Mosiah 29:7Which would cause wars and contentions among you, which would be the cause of shedding much blood.Mosiah had foreseen what a rival for the throne could cost.
- Matthew 5:9Blessed are the peacemakers: for they shall be called the children of God.
They Had Marked Themselves
- 2 Nephi 26:33He denieth none that come unto him, black and white, bond and free, male and female... and all are alike unto God.
- Jacob 3:5-9The Lamanites your brethren... are more righteous than you.
- Alma 23:16-18The curse of God did no more follow them.The converted Lamanites take a new name.
- Acts 10:34-35God is no respecter of persons: but in every nation he that feareth him, and worketh righteousness, is accepted with him.
- Helaman 6:1Their righteousness did exceed that of the Nephites, because of their firmness and their steadiness in the faith.
They Brought upon Themselves the Curse
- 3 Nephi 9:13-14Will ye not now return unto me, and repent of your sins, and be converted, that I may heal you?
- 2 Nephi 2:27They are free to choose liberty and eternal life, through the great Mediator of all men, or to choose captivity and death.
- Alma 23:7They did lay down the weapons of their rebellion, that they did not fight against God any more.
- Ezekiel 18:31-32Make you a new heart and a new spirit: for why will ye die, O house of Israel? ...wherefore turn yourselves, and live ye.
Wages of Him Whom He Listeth to Obey
- Mosiah 2:32-33There is a wo pronounced upon him who listeth to obey that spirit.King Benjamin's warning in the same words.
- D&C 29:45For they receive their wages of whom they list to obey.
- Romans 6:16To whom ye yield yourselves servants to obey, his servants ye are to whom ye obey.
- Alma 40:11-12The spirits of all men, as soon as they are departed from this mortal body... are taken home to that God who gave them life.
- Galatians 6:7Whatsoever a man soweth, that shall he also reap.