Mosiah 29
People in this chapter
The Nephites had always had a king. Nephi's people had asked him to be one (2 Nephi 5:18), and for more than four centuries kings had reigned. Now Mosiah has four sons and none of them will take the throne. The people ask for Aaron, but Aaron has gone to preach to the Lamanites (vv. 1-3).
Tap any highlighted phrase to jump to the commentary that unpacks it.
Mosiah 29:1-10Let Us Be Wise
1Now when Mosiah had done this he sent out throughout all the land, among all the people, desiring to know their will concerning who should be their king. 2And it came to pass that the voice of the people came, saying: We are desirous that Aaron thy son should be our king and our ruler. 3Now Aaron had gone up to the land of Nephi, therefore the king could not confer the kingdom upon him; neither would Aaron take upon him the kingdom; neither were any of the sons of Mosiah willing to take upon them the kingdom.
Mosiah asks the people who should be king. They choose his son Aaron, but Aaron is away preaching to the Lamanites and will not take the throne.
4Therefore king Mosiah sent again among the people; yea, even a written word sent he among the people. And these were the words that were written, saying: 5Behold, O ye my people, or my brethren, for I esteem you as such, I desire that ye should consider the cause which ye are called to consider—for ye are desirous to have a king. 6Now I declare unto you that he to whom the kingdom doth rightly belong has declined, and will not take upon him the kingdom. 7And now if there should be another appointed in his stead, behold I fear there would rise contentions among you. And who knoweth but what my son, to whom the kingdom doth belong, should turn to be angry and draw away a part of this people after him, which would cause wars and contentions among you, which would be the cause of shedding much blood and perverting the way of the Lord, yea, and destroy the souls of many people. 8Now I say unto you let us be wise and consider these things, for we have no right to destroy my son, neither should we have any right to destroy another if he should be appointed in his stead. 9And if my son should turn again to his pride and vain things he would recall the things which he had said, and claim his right to the kingdom, which would cause him and also this people to commit much sin. 10And now let us be wise and look forward to these things, and do that which will make for the peace of this people.
Mosiah writes a letter to all the people. He calls them his brethren and asks them to think the question through with him.
Mosiah fears that if someone else becomes king, his son might later return and claim the throne, dividing the people and causing war.
Mosiah 29:11-15The Judgments of God Are Always Just
11Therefore I will be your king the remainder of my days; nevertheless, let us appoint judges, to judge this people according to our law; and we will newly arrange the affairs of this people, for we will appoint wise men to be judges, that will judge this people according to the commandments of God. 12Now it is better that a man should be judged of God than of man, for the judgments of God are always just, but the judgments of man are not always just.
Mosiah will stay king for the rest of his life, but he proposes appointing wise judges who will judge according to the commandments of God.
Mosiah's principle: it is better to be judged by God than by people, because God's judgments are always just and ours are not.
13Therefore, if it were possible that you could have just men to be your kings, who would establish the laws of God, and judge this people according to his commandments, yea, if ye could have men for your kings who would do even as my father Benjamin did for this people—I say unto you, if this could always be the case then it would be expedient that ye should always have kings to rule over you. 14And even I myself have labored with all the power and faculties which I have possessed, to teach you the commandments of God, and to establish peace throughout the land, that there should be no wars nor contentions, no stealing, nor plundering, nor murdering, nor any manner of iniquity; 15And whosoever has committed iniquity, him have I punished according to the crime which he has committed, according to the law which has been given to us by our fathers.
Mosiah says kings would be fine if they were always just, like his father Benjamin. He has tried to be that kind of king himself.
Mosiah 29:16-24The Arm of Mercy
16Now I say unto you, that because all men are not just it is not expedient that ye should have a king or kings to rule over you. 17For behold, how much iniquity doth one wicked king cause to be committed, yea, and what great destruction! 18Yea, remember king Noah, his wickedness and his abominations, and also the wickedness and abominations of his people. Behold what great destruction did come upon them; and also because of their iniquities they were brought into bondage.
Because not everyone is just, Mosiah says, kings are too risky. One wicked king can lead a whole people into sin. Remember King Noah.
19And were it not for the interposition of their all-wise Creator, and this because of their sincere repentance, they must unavoidably remain in bondage until now. 20But behold, he did deliver them because they did humble themselves before him; and because they cried mightily unto him he did deliver them out of bondage; and thus doth the Lord work with his power in all cases among the children of men, extending the arm of mercy towards them that put their trust in him.
21And behold, now I say unto you, ye cannot dethrone an iniquitous king save it be through much contention, and the shedding of much blood. 22For behold, he has his friends in iniquity, and he keepeth his guards about him; and he teareth up the laws of those who have reigned in righteousness before him; and he trampleth under his feet the commandments of God; 23And he enacteth laws, and sendeth them forth among his people, yea, laws after the manner of his own wickedness; and whosoever doth not obey his laws he causeth to be destroyed; and whosoever doth rebel against him he will send his armies against them to war, and if he can he will destroy them; and thus an unrighteous king doth pervert the ways of all righteousness. 24And now behold I say unto you, it is not expedient that such abominations should come upon you.
A wicked king is hard to remove. He surrounds himself with friends in iniquity, tears up good laws, and makes his own.
Mosiah 29:25-36By the Voice of the People
25Therefore, choose you by the voice of this people, judges, that ye may be judged according to the laws which have been given you by our fathers, which are correct, and which were given them by the hand of the Lord. 26Now it is not common that the voice of the people desireth anything contrary to that which is right; but it is common for the lesser part of the people to desire that which is not right; therefore this shall ye observe and make it your law—to do your business by the voice of the people. 27And if the time comes that the voice of the people doth choose iniquity, then is the time that the judgments of God will come upon you; yea, then is the time he will visit you with great destruction even as he has hitherto visited this land.
Mosiah tells the people to choose judges by the voice of the people, to judge by the laws God gave their fathers. Most people usually want what is right. But if most choose wickedness, God's judgments will follow.
28And now if ye have judges, and they do not judge you according to the law which has been given, ye can cause that they may be judged of a higher judge. 29If your higher judges do not judge righteous judgments, ye shall cause that a small number of your lower judges should be gathered together, and they shall judge your higher judges, according to the voice of the people. 30And I command you to do these things in the fear of the Lord; and I command you to do these things, and that ye have no king; that if these people commit sins and iniquities they shall be answered upon their own heads. 31For behold I say unto you, the sins of many people have been caused by the iniquities of their kings; therefore their iniquities are answered upon the heads of their kings.
No judge is above the law. Higher judges can judge lower ones, and lower judges together can judge higher ones. And the people will now answer for their own sins.
32And now I desire that this inequality should be no more in this land, especially among this my people; but I desire that this land be a land of liberty, and every man may enjoy his rights and privileges alike, so long as the Lord sees fit that we may live and inherit the land, yea, even as long as any of our posterity remains upon the face of the land. 33And many more things did king Mosiah write unto them, unfolding unto them all the trials and troubles of a righteous king, yea, all the travails of soul for their people, and also all the murmurings of the people to their king; and he explained it all unto them. 34And he told them that these things ought not to be; but that the burden should come upon all the people, that every man might bear his part. 35And he also unfolded unto them all the disadvantages they labored under, by having an unrighteous king to rule over them; 36Yea, all his iniquities and abominations, and all the wars, and contentions, and bloodshed, and the stealing, and the plundering, and the committing of whoredoms, and all manner of iniquities which cannot be enumerated—telling them that these things ought not to be, that they were expressly repugnant to the commandments of God.
Mosiah wants an end to inequality. He wants a land of liberty where everyone shares the burden and the rights alike.
Mosiah 29:37-47Thus Ended the Reign of the Kings
37And now it came to pass, after king Mosiah had sent these things forth among the people they were convinced of the truth of his words. 38Therefore they relinquished their desires for a king, and became exceedingly anxious that every man should have an equal chance throughout all the land; yea, and every man expressed a willingness to answer for his own sins. 39Therefore, it came to pass that they assembled themselves together in bodies throughout the land, to cast in their voices concerning who should be their judges, to judge them according to the law which had been given them; and they were exceedingly rejoiced because of the liberty which had been granted unto them. 40And they did wax strong in love towards Mosiah; yea, they did esteem him more than any other man; for they did not look upon him as a tyrant who was seeking for gain, yea, for that lucre which doth corrupt the soul; for he had not exacted riches of them, neither had he delighted in the shedding of blood; but he had established peace in the land, and he had granted unto his people that they should be delivered from all manner of bondage; therefore they did esteem him, yea, exceedingly, beyond measure. 41And it came to pass that they did appoint judges to rule over them, or to judge them according to the law; and this they did throughout all the land.
The people agree. They give up wanting a king, accept responsibility for their own sins, and rejoice in their liberty.
The people love Mosiah more than ever. He never took their riches or delighted in bloodshed. He gave them peace.
42And it came to pass that Alma was appointed to be the first chief judge, he being also the high priest, his father having conferred the office upon him, and having given him the charge concerning all the affairs of the church. 43And now it came to pass that Alma did walk in the ways of the Lord, and he did keep his commandments, and he did judge righteous judgments; and there was continual peace through the land. 44And thus commenced the reign of the judges throughout all the land of Zarahemla, among all the people who were called the Nephites; and Alma was the first and chief judge.
Alma the Younger, once an enemy of the church, becomes the first chief judge and the high priest. He judges righteously, and there is peace.
45And now it came to pass that his father died, being eighty and two years old, having lived to fulfil the commandments of God. 46And it came to pass that Mosiah died also, in the thirty and third year of his reign, being sixty and three years old; making in the whole, five hundred and nine years from the time Lehi left Jerusalem. 47And thus ended the reign of the kings over the people of Nephi; and thus ended the days of Alma, who was the founder of their church.
Alma the Elder dies at eighty-two, and King Mosiah dies at sixty-three. It has been 509 years since Lehi left Jerusalem. The age of kings, and the life of the church's founder, end together.
Research trail
Sources & further study
These references support the historical, linguistic, manuscript, and contextual notes in this chapter. Scripture remains the primary text; external sources are provided so readers can inspect the research directly.
- How Were Judges Elected in the Book of Mormon?Scholars examine what the Book of Mormon says about how judges were chosen after verse 39, when the people assembled themselves together in bodies throughout the land, to cast in their voices, and how judges were later succeeded.
- What Do the Jaredites Have to Do With the Reign of the Judges?Scholars suggest that Mosiah's reasons for ending the monarchy, such as a rival heir dividing the people (v. 7) and the harm of a wicked king (vv. 16-23), echo what he had just translated from the Jaredite record.
- Judge, JudgmentScriptures on righteous judgment and on God as the perfect Judge, the contrast Mosiah draws in verse 12.
Where this echoes in Scripture
Let Us Be Wise
- Mosiah 28:10There was not any of his sons who would accept of the kingdom.
- Mosiah 2:11I am like as yourselves, subject to all manner of infirmities in body and mind.Benjamin spoke to the people the same way.
- Ether 6:22-23The brother of Jared said unto them: Surely this thing leadeth into captivity.The Jaredite record Mosiah translated includes this warning about kings.
- Romans 14:19Let us therefore follow after the things which make for peace.
The Judgments of God Are Always Just
- John 5:22The Father judgeth no man, but hath committed all judgment unto the Son.
- 2 Nephi 9:41The keeper of the gate is the Holy One of Israel; and he employeth no servant there.
- Mosiah 23:7-8If it were possible that ye could always have just men to be your kings it would be well for you to have a king.Alma the Elder's earlier counsel.
- Mosiah 2:12-14I, myself, have labored with mine own hands that I might serve you.The kind of king Benjamin was.
The Arm of Mercy
- Mosiah 11:1-2He did not keep the commandments of God... And he did cause his people to commit sin.The king Mosiah tells his people to remember.
- Jacob 6:5His arm of mercy is extended towards you in the light of the day.
- 3 Nephi 9:14Mine arm of mercy is extended towards you, and whosoever will come, him will I receive.The risen Lord's own words.
- 1 Samuel 8:11-18This will be the manner of the king that shall reign over you.Samuel's warning to Israel when they asked for a king.
By the Voice of the People
- Helaman 5:2They who chose evil were more numerous than they who chose good, therefore they were ripening for destruction.Mosiah's warning in verse 27 fulfilled.
- Alma 2:3-7The voice of the people came against Amlici, that he was not made king over the people.The voice of the people tested in the reign of the judges.
- Galatians 6:2, 5Bear ye one another's burdens... For every man shall bear his own burden.
- Ezekiel 18:20The son shall not bear the iniquity of the father.Each person answers for his own sins (v. 30).
Thus Ended the Reign of the Kings
- Alma 1:1In the first year of the reign of the judges over the people of Nephi... king Mosiah having gone the way of all the earth.The next book begins where this one ends.
- Mosiah 27:10He did go about secretly with the sons of Mosiah seeking to destroy the church.Where the first chief judge started.
- Mosiah 18:16-17They were called the church of God, or the church of Christ.The church Alma the Elder founded.
- 2 Timothy 4:7I have fought a good fight, I have finished my course, I have kept the faith.