Alma 49
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Alma 49 is the first battle of Amalickiah's war, and it does not go the way anyone on the Lamanite side expected. Their army comes to Ammonihah, a city the Lamanites had destroyed years earlier, expecting an easy prey (v. 3). They find it surrounded by a ridge of earth so high that their stones and arrows cannot reach the defenders.
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Alma 49:1-11Prepared in a Manner Which Never Had Been Known
1And now it came to pass in the eleventh month of the nineteenth year, on the tenth day of the month, the armies of the Lamanites were seen approaching towards the land of Ammonihah. 2And behold, the city had been rebuilt, and Moroni had stationed an army by the borders of the city, and they had cast up dirt round about to shield them from the arrows and the stones of the Lamanites; for behold, they fought with stones and with arrows. 3Behold, I said that the city of Ammonihah had been rebuilt. I say unto you, yea, that it was in part rebuilt; and because the Lamanites had destroyed it once because of the iniquity of the people, they supposed that it would again become an easy prey for them.
The Lamanites head for Ammonihah. They had destroyed it once before, years earlier, and they expect it to be easy again. But Moroni has stationed an army there behind walls of earth.
4But behold, how great was their disappointment; for behold, the Nephites had dug up a ridge of earth round about them, which was so high that the Lamanites could not cast their stones and their arrows at them that they might take effect, neither could they come upon them save it was by their place of entrance. 5Now at this time the chief captains of the Lamanites were astonished exceedingly, because of the wisdom of the Nephites in preparing their places of security. 6Now the leaders of the Lamanites had supposed, because of the greatness of their numbers, yea, they supposed that they should be privileged to come upon them as they had hitherto done; yea, and they had also prepared themselves with shields, and with breastplates; and they had also prepared themselves with garments of skins, yea, very thick garments to cover their nakedness. 7And being thus prepared they supposed that they should easily overpower and subject their brethren to the yoke of bondage, or slay and massacre them according to their pleasure. 8But behold, to their uttermost astonishment, they were prepared for them, in a manner which never had been known among the children of Lehi. Now they were prepared for the Lamanites, to battle after the manner of the instructions of Moroni. 9And it came to pass that the Lamanites, or the Amalickiahites, were exceedingly astonished at their manner of preparation for war.
The Lamanites came with shields, breastplates and thick garments, sure they would win. Instead they found the Nephites prepared... in a manner which never had been known. Mormon uses astonished again and again.
Mormon calls the Nephite defenses places of security. President Russell M. Nelson used the phrase for the homes, stakes and temples where we can be safe.
10Now, if king Amalickiah had come down out of the land of Nephi, at the head of his army, perhaps he would have caused the Lamanites to have attacked the Nephites at the city of Ammonihah; for behold, he did care not for the blood of his people. 11But behold, Amalickiah did not come down himself to battle. And behold, his chief captains durst not attack the Nephites at the city of Ammonihah, for Moroni had altered the management of affairs among the Nephites, insomuch that the Lamanites were disappointed in their places of retreat and they could not come upon them.
Amalickiah stayed home. Mormon says that if he had come, he might have forced an attack on Ammonihah anyway, because he did care not for the blood of his people.
Alma 49:12-17The City of Noah Had Now Become Strong
12Therefore they retreated into the wilderness, and took their camp and marched towards the land of Noah, supposing that to be the next best place for them to come against the Nephites. 13For they knew not that Moroni had fortified, or had built forts of security, for every city in all the land round about; therefore, they marched forward to the land of Noah with a firm determination; yea, their chief captains came forward and took an oath that they would destroy the people of that city. 14But behold, to their astonishment, the city of Noah, which had hitherto been a weak place, had now, by the means of Moroni, become strong, yea, even to exceed the strength of the city Ammonihah. 15And now, behold, this was wisdom in Moroni; for he had supposed that they would be frightened at the city Ammonihah; and as the city of Noah had hitherto been the weakest part of the land, therefore they would march thither to battle; and thus it was according to his desires.
The Lamanites marched to the city of Noah, which had always been the weakest place. Moroni had expected that. He had made Noah even stronger than Ammonihah.
16And behold, Moroni had appointed Lehi to be chief captain over the men of that city; and it was that same Lehi who fought with the Lamanites in the valley on the east of the river Sidon. 17And now behold it came to pass, that when the Lamanites had found that Lehi commanded the city they were again disappointed, for they feared Lehi exceedingly; nevertheless their chief captains had sworn with an oath to attack the city; therefore, they brought up their armies.
Moroni put Lehi in command at Noah, the same Lehi who had fought by the river Sidon. The Lamanites feared him, but their captains had sworn an oath, so they attacked anyway.
Alma 49:18-25Not a Single Soul of the Nephites
18Now behold, the Lamanites could not get into their forts of security by any other way save by the entrance, because of the highness of the bank which had been thrown up, and the depth of the ditch which had been dug round about, save it were by the entrance. 19And thus were the Nephites prepared to destroy all such as should attempt to climb up to enter the fort by any other way, by casting over stones and arrows at them. 20Thus they were prepared, yea, a body of their strongest men, with their swords and their slings, to smite down all who should attempt to come into their place of security by the place of entrance; and thus were they prepared to defend themselves against the Lamanites. 21And it came to pass that the captains of the Lamanites brought up their armies before the place of entrance, and began to contend with the Nephites, to get into their place of security; but behold, they were driven back from time to time, insomuch that they were slain with an immense slaughter. 22Now when they found that they could not obtain power over the Nephites by the pass, they began to dig down their banks of earth that they might obtain a pass to their armies, that they might have an equal chance to fight; but behold, in these attempts they were swept off by the stones and arrows which were thrown at them; and instead of filling up their ditches by pulling down the banks of earth, they were filled up in a measure with their dead and wounded bodies.
The fort at Noah had one entrance. A high bank and a deep ditch surrounded the rest. The Nephites' strongest men guarded the entrance, and the Lamanite attacks failed again and again.
23Thus the Nephites had all power over their enemies; and thus the Lamanites did attempt to destroy the Nephites until their chief captains were all slain; yea, and more than a thousand of the Lamanites were slain; while, on the other hand, there was not a single soul of the Nephites which was slain. 24There were about fifty who were wounded, who had been exposed to the arrows of the Lamanites through the pass, but they were shielded by their shields, and their breastplates, and their head-plates, insomuch that their wounds were upon their legs, many of which were very severe. 25And it came to pass, that when the Lamanites saw that their chief captains were all slain they fled into the wilderness. And it came to pass that they returned to the land of Nephi, to inform their king, Amalickiah, who was a Nephite by birth, concerning their great loss.
The attack ends when all the Lamanite chief captains are killed. More than a thousand Lamanites die. Not one Nephite is killed. About fifty are wounded, protected by their armor.
The survivors flee home to tell king Amalickiah. Mormon reminds us that he was a Nephite by birth.
Alma 49:26-30They Did Thank the Lord Their God
26And it came to pass that he was exceedingly angry with his people, because he had not obtained his desire over the Nephites; he had not subjected them to the yoke of bondage. 27Yea, he was exceedingly wroth, and he did curse God, and also Moroni, swearing with an oath that he would drink his blood; and this because Moroni had kept the commandments of God in preparing for the safety of his people. 28And it came to pass, that on the other hand, the people of Nephi did thank the Lord their God, because of his matchless power in delivering them from the hands of their enemies.
Amalickiah is furious. He curses God and Moroni and swears to drink Moroni's blood. Mormon says the reason plainly: Moroni had kept God's commandments by preparing to protect his people.
29And thus ended the nineteenth year of the reign of the judges over the people of Nephi. 30Yea, and there was continual peace among them, and exceedingly great prosperity in the church because of their heed and diligence which they gave unto the word of God, which was declared unto them by Helaman, and Shiblon, and Corianton, and Ammon and his brethren, yea, and by all those who had been ordained by the holy order of God, being baptized unto repentance, and sent forth to preach among the people.
The year ends in peace and great prosperity in the church, because the people listened to the word of God. Mormon names the preachers, including Corianton, Alma's son who had repented.
Research trail
Sources & further study
These references support the historical, linguistic, manuscript, and contextual notes in this chapter. Scripture remains the primary text; external sources are provided so readers can inspect the research directly.
- What Was the Nature of Nephite Fortifications?Describes the earthworks, ditches, timber walls and towers in Alma 48-50 and compares them with ancient fortifications, then applies Moroni's preparation to spiritual defense.
- Moroni, CaptainThe Guide to the Scriptures entry for Captain Moroni, with references to his life from Alma 43 to Alma 63.
- Emergency PreparednessThe Church's counsel on temporal and spiritual preparation, the latter-day application leaders have often drawn from Moroni's example.
- WarScriptures on war across the standard works, including the Book of Mormon's teaching on defensive war.
Where this echoes in Scripture
Prepared in a Manner Which Never Had Been Known
- Alma 16:9-10Their great city, which they said God could not destroy... in one day it was left desolate.What happened to Ammonihah the first time.
- D&C 38:30If ye are prepared ye shall not fear.The principle behind Moroni's work.
- Proverbs 18:10The name of the LORD is a strong tower: the righteous runneth into it, and is safe.The place of security that never fails.
- Alma 48:12A man who did labor exceedingly for the welfare and safety of his people.Moroni, the opposite of Amalickiah in verse 10.
The City of Noah Had Now Become Strong
- Alma 48:9In their weakest fortifications he did place the greater number of men.The strategy that made Noah strong.
- Alma 43:35-36The army which was concealed on the south of the hill, which was led by a man whose name was Lehi.Where Lehi first appears.
- Ether 12:27Then will I make weak things become strong unto them.The Lord's promise about weak places.
- 2 Corinthians 12:9My grace is sufficient for thee: for my strength is made perfect in weakness.Strength made perfect where weakness was.
Not a Single Soul of the Nephites
- Ephesians 6:14-17Having on the breastplate of righteousness... taking the shield of faith... the helmet of salvation.The armor that protects a disciple.
- D&C 27:15-18Take upon you my whole armor, that ye may be able to withstand the evil day.The Lord repeats Paul's image in this dispensation.
- Matthew 7:13-14Strait is the gate, and narrow is the way, which leadeth unto life.Another narrow entrance that matters.
- Alma 47:36These dissenters... became more hardened and impenitent, and more wild, wicked and ferocious than the Lamanites.Mormon's earlier comment on dissenters like Amalickiah.
They Did Thank the Lord Their God
- Mosiah 24:21They poured out their thanks to God because he had been merciful unto them... none could deliver them except it were the Lord their God.Alma's people gave thanks for deliverance in the same way.
- Psalm 18:2The LORD is my rock, and my fortress, and my deliverer; my God, my strength, in whom I will trust.The Lord as fortress and deliverer.
- Alma 42:31O my son, ye are called of God to preach the word unto this people.Alma sends Corianton back to preach.
- Alma 34:38That ye live in thanksgiving daily, for the many mercies and blessings which he doth bestow upon you.Amulek's counsel to live in thanksgiving.