1 SamuelStudy Guide

Chapter 16

Themes, discussion questions, Christ connections, and denomination lenses.

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Scripture

KJV

1And the LORD said unto Samuel, How long wilt thou mourn for Saul, seeing I have rejected him from reigning over Israel? fill thine horn with oil, and go, I will send thee to Jesse the Bethlehemite: for I have provided me a king among his sons.

2And Samuel said, How can I go? if Saul hear it, he will kill me. And the LORD said, Take an heifer with thee, and say, I am come to sacrifice to the LORD.

3And call Jesse to the sacrifice, and I will shew thee what thou shalt do: and thou shalt anoint unto me him whom I name unto thee.

4And Samuel did that which the LORD spake, and came to Bethlehem. And the elders of the town trembled at his coming, and said, Comest thou peaceably?

5And he said, Peaceably: I am come to sacrifice unto the LORD: sanctify yourselves, and come with me to the sacrifice. And he sanctified Jesse and his sons, and called them to the sacrifice.

6And it came to pass, when they were come, that he looked on Eliab, and said, Surely the LORD’s anointed is before him.

7But the LORD said unto Samuel, Look not on his countenance, or on the height of his stature; because I have refused him: for the LORD seeth not as man seeth; for man looketh on the outward appearance, but the LORD looketh on the heart.

8Then Jesse called Abinadab, and made him pass before Samuel. And he said, Neither hath the LORD chosen this.

9Then Jesse made Shammah to pass by. And he said, Neither hath the LORD chosen this.

10Again, Jesse made seven of his sons to pass before Samuel. And Samuel said unto Jesse, The LORD hath not chosen these.

11And Samuel said unto Jesse, Are here all thy children? And he said, There remaineth yet the youngest, and, behold, he keepeth the sheep. And Samuel said unto Jesse, Send and fetch him: for we will not sit down till he come hither.

12And he sent, and brought him in. Now he was ruddy, and withal of a beautiful countenance, and goodly to look to. And the LORD said, Arise, anoint him: for this is he.

13Then Samuel took the horn of oil, and anointed him in the midst of his brethren: and the Spirit of the LORD came upon David from that day forward. So Samuel rose up, and went to Ramah.

14But the Spirit of the LORD departed from Saul, and an evil spirit from the LORD troubled him.

15And Saul’s servants said unto him, Behold now, an evil spirit from God troubleth thee.

16Let our lord now command thy servants, which are before thee, to seek out a man, who is a cunning player on an harp: and it shall come to pass, when the evil spirit from God is upon thee, that he shall play with his hand, and thou shalt be well.

17And Saul said unto his servants, Provide me now a man that can play well, and bring him to me.

18Then answered one of the servants, and said, Behold, I have seen a son of Jesse the Bethlehemite, that is cunning in playing, and a mighty valiant man, and a man of war, and prudent in matters, and a comely person, and the LORD is with him.

19Wherefore Saul sent messengers unto Jesse, and said, Send me David thy son, which is with the sheep.

20And Jesse took an ass laden with bread, and a bottle of wine, and a kid, and sent them by David his son unto Saul.

21And David came to Saul, and stood before him: and he loved him greatly; and he became his armourbearer.

22And Saul sent to Jesse, saying, Let David, I pray thee, stand before me; for he hath found favour in my sight.

23And it came to pass, when the evil spirit from God was upon Saul, that David took an harp, and played with his hand: so Saul was refreshed, and was well, and the evil spirit departed from him.

Key Verse1 Samuel 16:7

But the LORD said unto Samuel, Look not on his countenance, or on the height of his stature; because I have refused him: for the LORD seeth not as man seeth; for man looketh on the outward appearance, but the LORD looketh on the heart.

Overview

God sends Samuel to Bethlehem to anoint a new king from among the sons of Jesse. Samuel is impressed by the eldest son's appearance, but God declares 'the LORD looketh on the heart.' After seven sons pass by, the youngest — David, a ruddy shepherd boy tending sheep — is brought in, and God says 'Arise, anoint him.' Samuel anoints David, and the Spirit of the LORD comes upon him from that day forward. Meanwhile, an evil spirit troubles Saul, and David is brought to court as a harpist to soothe the king.

Key Themes

1

God Looks on the Heart

God's rejection of the outwardly impressive sons in favor of the overlooked shepherd boy establishes that divine selection is based on the heart, not on human appearance or status.

2

The Anointing of the True King

David's anointing with the Spirit marks the beginning of God's chosen dynasty — the youngest, least expected son becomes the man after God's own heart.

3

The Transfer of the Spirit

As the Spirit comes upon David, an evil spirit afflicts Saul — a visible transfer of divine favor from the rejected king to the chosen one.

Study Questions

1.

What does God's statement — 'the LORD looketh on the heart' (v. 7) — teach about how God evaluates people?

2.

Why is David overlooked by his own family, and what does this reveal about how the world assesses worth?

3.

What is the significance of the Spirit coming upon David 'from that day forward' (v. 13)?

4.

How does the irony of David serving in Saul's court reflect God's sovereign orchestration of events?

5.

What does the evil spirit troubling Saul (v. 14) teach about the consequences of God withdrawing His presence?

Connection to Christ

David's anointing in Bethlehem as the unlikely, overlooked shepherd-king directly foreshadows Christ's birth in the same town — Bethlehem — as the humble shepherd who is the King of kings. God's principle of looking on the heart, not the outward appearance, reaches its fulfillment in Christ, who 'hath no form nor comeliness' to attract human admiration (Isaiah 53:2) yet possesses the fullness of God's character.

Personal Reflection

Take time to journal or meditate on what God is teaching you through 1 Samuel 16. How can these truths transform your thinking and actions today?

1 Samuel

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