Jacob 5
People in this chapter
Jacob 5 is the longest chapter in the Book of Mormon, and it comes with a question already attached. In the chapter before, Jacob asks how the house of Israel, after rejecting the sure foundation, can ever build upon it again (Jacob 4:17). Instead of answering in his own words, he reaches for the brass plates and quotes a prophet his people already knew: do ye not remember to have read the words of the prophet Zenos (v. 1).
Tap any highlighted phrase to jump to the commentary that unpacks it.
Jacob 5:1-14I Will Liken Thee, O House of Israel
1Behold, my brethren, do ye not remember to have read the words of the prophet Zenos, which he spake unto the house of Israel, saying: 2Hearken, O ye house of Israel, and hear the words of me, a prophet of the Lord. 3For behold, thus saith the Lord, I will liken thee, O house of Israel, like unto a tame olive tree, which a man took and nourished in his vineyard; and it grew, and waxed old, and began to decay.
Zenos was a prophet of Israel whose words were on the brass plates. Jacob's people had read him. Jacob quotes him to answer a question he raised in chapter 4: how can Israel come back after rejecting Christ?
The tame olive tree is the house of Israel; Zenos says so in verse 3 and Jacob repeats it (Jacob 6:1). The tree is old and decaying, and the master's first response is to care for it.
4And it came to pass that the master of the vineyard went forth, and he saw that his olive tree began to decay; and he said: I will prune it, and dig about it, and nourish it, that perhaps it may shoot forth young and tender branches, and it perish not. 5And it came to pass that he pruned it, and digged about it, and nourished it according to his word. 6And it came to pass that after many days it began to put forth somewhat a little, young and tender branches; but behold, the main top thereof began to perish. 7And it came to pass that the master of the vineyard saw it, and he said unto his servant: It grieveth me that I should lose this tree; wherefore, go and pluck the branches from a wild olive tree, and bring them hither unto me; and we will pluck off those main branches which are beginning to wither away, and we will cast them into the fire that they may be burned. 8And behold, saith the Lord of the vineyard, I take away many of these young and tender branches, and I will graft them whithersoever I will; and it mattereth not that if it so be that the root of this tree will perish, I may preserve the fruit thereof unto myself; wherefore, I will take these young and tender branches, and I will graft them whithersoever I will. 9Take thou the branches of the wild olive tree, and graft them in, in the stead thereof; and these which I have plucked off I will cast into the fire and burn them, that they may not cumber the ground of my vineyard.
When the tree's top starts to die, the master grafts in branches from a wild olive tree to save the roots. His reason, repeated through the chapter, is It grieveth me that I should lose this tree.
10And it came to pass that the servant of the Lord of the vineyard did according to the word of the Lord of the vineyard, and grafted in the branches of the wild olive tree. 11And the Lord of the vineyard caused that it should be digged about, and pruned, and nourished, saying unto his servant: It grieveth me that I should lose this tree; wherefore, that perhaps I might preserve the roots thereof that they perish not, that I might preserve them unto myself, I have done this thing. 12Wherefore, go thy way; watch the tree, and nourish it, according to my words. 13And these will I place in the nethermost part of my vineyard, whithersoever I will, it mattereth not unto thee; and I do it that I may preserve unto myself the natural branches of the tree; and also, that I may lay up fruit thereof against the season, unto myself; for it grieveth me that I should lose this tree and the fruit thereof. 14And it came to pass that the Lord of the vineyard went his way, and hid the natural branches of the tame olive tree in the nethermost parts of the vineyard, some in one and some in another, according to his will and pleasure.
Jacob 5:15-28The Fruit Thereof Was Like unto the Natural Fruit
15And it came to pass that a long time passed away, and the Lord of the vineyard said unto his servant: Come, let us go down into the vineyard, that we may labor in the vineyard. 16And it came to pass that the Lord of the vineyard, and also the servant, went down into the vineyard to labor. And it came to pass that the servant said unto his master: Behold, look here; behold the tree. 17And it came to pass that the Lord of the vineyard looked and beheld the tree in the which the wild olive branches had been grafted; and it had sprung forth and begun to bear fruit. And he beheld that it was good; and the fruit thereof was like unto the natural fruit. 18And he said unto the servant: Behold, the branches of the wild tree have taken hold of the moisture of the root thereof, that the root thereof hath brought forth much strength; and because of the much strength of the root thereof the wild branches have brought forth tame fruit. Now, if we had not grafted in these branches, the tree thereof would have perished. And now, behold, I shall lay up much fruit, which the tree thereof hath brought forth; and the fruit thereof I shall lay up against the season, unto mine own self.
After a long time, the grafted wild branches bear good fruit. The master says it is because of the much strength of the root. The root does the work.
19And it came to pass that the Lord of the vineyard said unto the servant: Come, let us go to the nethermost part of the vineyard, and behold if the natural branches of the tree have not brought forth much fruit also, that I may lay up of the fruit thereof against the season, unto mine own self. 20And it came to pass that they went forth whither the master had hid the natural branches of the tree, and he said unto the servant: Behold these; and he beheld the first that it had brought forth much fruit; and he beheld also that it was good. And he said unto the servant: Take of the fruit thereof, and lay it up against the season, that I may preserve it unto mine own self; for behold, said he, this long time have I nourished it, and it hath brought forth much fruit. 21And it came to pass that the servant said unto his master: How comest thou hither to plant this tree, or this branch of the tree? For behold, it was the poorest spot in all the land of thy vineyard. 22And the Lord of the vineyard said unto him: Counsel me not; I knew that it was a poor spot of ground; wherefore, I said unto thee, I have nourished it this long time, and thou beholdest that it hath brought forth much fruit. 23And it came to pass that the Lord of the vineyard said unto his servant: Look hither; behold I have planted another branch of the tree also; and thou knowest that this spot of ground was poorer than the first. But, behold the tree. I have nourished it this long time, and it hath brought forth much fruit; therefore, gather it, and lay it up against the season, that I may preserve it unto mine own self. 24And it came to pass that the Lord of the vineyard said again unto his servant: Look hither, and behold another branch also, which I have planted; behold that I have nourished it also, and it hath brought forth fruit.
The hidden branches have done well, even in the poorest spot of the vineyard. When the servant questions the choice, the master says, Counsel me not. He knew the ground and nourished it anyway.
25And he said unto the servant: Look hither and behold the last. Behold, this have I planted in a good spot of ground; and I have nourished it this long time, and only a part of the tree hath brought forth tame fruit, and the other part of the tree hath brought forth wild fruit; behold, I have nourished this tree like unto the others. 26And it came to pass that the Lord of the vineyard said unto the servant: Pluck off the branches that have not brought forth good fruit, and cast them into the fire. 27But behold, the servant said unto him: Let us prune it, and dig about it, and nourish it a little longer, that perhaps it may bring forth good fruit unto thee, that thou canst lay it up against the season. 28And it came to pass that the Lord of the vineyard and the servant of the Lord of the vineyard did nourish all the fruit of the vineyard.
The last branch, planted in good ground, bears both good and wild fruit. The master is ready to cut off the bad branches. The servant asks for more time, and they nourish the whole vineyard together.
Jacob 5:29-40All Sorts of Fruit Did Cumber the Tree
29And it came to pass that a long time had passed away, and the Lord of the vineyard said unto his servant: Come, let us go down into the vineyard, that we may labor again in the vineyard. For behold, the time draweth near, and the end soon cometh; wherefore, I must lay up fruit against the season, unto mine own self. 30And it came to pass that the Lord of the vineyard and the servant went down into the vineyard; and they came to the tree whose natural branches had been broken off, and the wild branches had been grafted in; and behold all sorts of fruit did cumber the tree. 31And it came to pass that the Lord of the vineyard did taste of the fruit, every sort according to its number. And the Lord of the vineyard said: Behold, this long time have we nourished this tree, and I have laid up unto myself against the season much fruit. 32But behold, this time it hath brought forth much fruit, and there is none of it which is good. And behold, there are all kinds of bad fruit; and it profiteth me nothing, notwithstanding all our labor; and now it grieveth me that I should lose this tree.
On the third visit, the tree that once bore good fruit is covered with all kinds of bad fruit. None of it is good, and the master grieves.
33And the Lord of the vineyard said unto the servant: What shall we do unto the tree, that I may preserve again good fruit thereof unto mine own self? 34And the servant said unto his master: Behold, because thou didst graft in the branches of the wild olive tree they have nourished the roots, that they are alive and they have not perished; wherefore thou beholdest that they are yet good. 35And it came to pass that the Lord of the vineyard said unto his servant: The tree profiteth me nothing, and the roots thereof profit me nothing so long as it shall bring forth evil fruit. 36Nevertheless, I know that the roots are good, and for mine own purpose I have preserved them; and because of their much strength they have hitherto brought forth, from the wild branches, good fruit. 37But behold, the wild branches have grown and have overrun the roots thereof; and because that the wild branches have overcome the roots thereof it hath brought forth much evil fruit; and because that it hath brought forth so much evil fruit thou beholdest that it beginneth to perish; and it will soon become ripened, that it may be cast into the fire, except we should do something for it to preserve it.
Even with bad fruit everywhere, the master says, Nevertheless, I know that the roots are good. The problem is in the branches, which have overrun the roots.
38And it came to pass that the Lord of the vineyard said unto his servant: Let us go down into the nethermost parts of the vineyard, and behold if the natural branches have also brought forth evil fruit. 39And it came to pass that they went down into the nethermost parts of the vineyard. And it came to pass that they beheld that the fruit of the natural branches had become corrupt also; yea, the first and the second and also the last; and they had all become corrupt. 40And the wild fruit of the last had overcome that part of the tree which brought forth good fruit, even that the branch had withered away and died.
The hidden branches have gone bad too, the first and the second and also the last. In the last tree, the wild part has overcome the good part, and that branch has died.
Jacob 5:41-51What Could I Have Done More for My Vineyard?
41And it came to pass that the Lord of the vineyard wept, and said unto the servant: What could I have done more for my vineyard?
42Behold, I knew that all the fruit of the vineyard, save it were these, had become corrupted. And now these which have once brought forth good fruit have also become corrupted; and now all the trees of my vineyard are good for nothing save it be to be hewn down and cast into the fire. 43And behold this last, whose branch hath withered away, I did plant in a good spot of ground; yea, even that which was choice unto me above all other parts of the land of my vineyard. 44And thou beheldest that I also cut down that which cumbered this spot of ground, that I might plant this tree in the stead thereof. 45And thou beheldest that a part thereof brought forth good fruit, and a part thereof brought forth wild fruit; and because I plucked not the branches thereof and cast them into the fire, behold, they have overcome the good branch that it hath withered away. 46And now, behold, notwithstanding all the care which we have taken of my vineyard, the trees thereof have become corrupted, that they bring forth no good fruit; and these I had hoped to preserve, to have laid up fruit thereof against the season, unto mine own self. But, behold, they have become like unto the wild olive tree, and they are of no worth but to be hewn down and cast into the fire; and it grieveth me that I should lose them.
The last tree was planted in the master's choicest ground. Its wild branches were left in place, and they overcame the good branch. What is not cut back can take over.
47But what could I have done more in my vineyard? Have I slackened mine hand, that I have not nourished it? Nay, I have nourished it, and I have digged about it, and I have pruned it, and I have dunged it; and I have stretched forth mine hand almost all the day long, and the end draweth nigh. And it grieveth me that I should hew down all the trees of my vineyard, and cast them into the fire that they should be burned. Who is it that has corrupted my vineyard? 48And it came to pass that the servant said unto his master: Is it not the loftiness of thy vineyard—have not the branches thereof overcome the roots which are good? And because the branches have overcome the roots thereof, behold they grew faster than the strength of the roots, taking strength unto themselves. Behold, I say, is not this the cause that the trees of thy vineyard have become corrupted? 49And it came to pass that the Lord of the vineyard said unto the servant: Let us go to and hew down the trees of the vineyard and cast them into the fire, that they shall not cumber the ground of my vineyard, for I have done all. What could I have done more for my vineyard?
The master asks what went wrong, since he never slackened his hand. The servant answers: the loftiness of thy vineyard. The branches grew faster than the roots could support, taking strength unto themselves.
50But, behold, the servant said unto the Lord of the vineyard: Spare it a little longer. 51And the Lord said: Yea, I will spare it a little longer, for it grieveth me that I should lose the trees of my vineyard.
The master decides to cut everything down. The servant asks him to spare it a little longer, and he agrees, because it grieveth me that I should lose the trees.
Jacob 5:52-60Graft Them into the Tree from Whence They Came
52Wherefore, let us take of the branches of these which I have planted in the nethermost parts of my vineyard, and let us graft them into the tree from whence they came; and let us pluck from the tree those branches whose fruit is most bitter, and graft in the natural branches of the tree in the stead thereof. 53And this will I do that the tree may not perish, that, perhaps, I may preserve unto myself the roots thereof for mine own purpose. 54And, behold, the roots of the natural branches of the tree which I planted whithersoever I would are yet alive; wherefore, that I may preserve them also for mine own purpose, I will take of the branches of this tree, and I will graft them in unto them. Yea, I will graft in unto them the branches of their mother tree, that I may preserve the roots also unto mine own self, that when they shall be sufficiently strong perhaps they may bring forth good fruit unto me, and I may yet have glory in the fruit of my vineyard.
The master brings the scattered natural branches home, grafting them back into the mother tree, and grafts branches of the mother tree into them. This is the gathering of Israel, which Nephi says means coming to the knowledge of the true Messiah (1 Nephi 10:14).
55And it came to pass that they took from the natural tree which had become wild, and grafted in unto the natural trees, which also had become wild. 56And they also took of the natural trees which had become wild, and grafted into their mother tree. 57And the Lord of the vineyard said unto the servant: Pluck not the wild branches from the trees, save it be those which are most bitter; and in them ye shall graft according to that which I have said. 58And we will nourish again the trees of the vineyard, and we will trim up the branches thereof; and we will pluck from the trees those branches which are ripened, that must perish, and cast them into the fire. 59And this I do that, perhaps, the roots thereof may take strength because of their goodness; and because of the change of the branches, that the good may overcome the evil. 60And because that I have preserved the natural branches and the roots thereof, and that I have grafted in the natural branches again into their mother tree, and have preserved the roots of their mother tree, that, perhaps, the trees of my vineyard may bring forth again good fruit; and that I may have joy again in the fruit of my vineyard, and, perhaps, that I may rejoice exceedingly that I have preserved the roots and the branches of the first fruit—
The master removes only the most bitter branches and lets the good grow strong enough to overcome the evil. He wants to have joy again in his vineyard.
Jacob 5:61-69Labor Diligently with Our Might
61Wherefore, go to, and call servants, that we may labor diligently with our might in the vineyard, that we may prepare the way, that I may bring forth again the natural fruit, which natural fruit is good and the most precious above all other fruit. 62Wherefore, let us go to and labor with our might this last time, for behold the end draweth nigh, and this is for the last time that I shall prune my vineyard.
The master calls more servants for one last season of work. Jacob says this is when the servants of the Lord shall go forth in his power (Jacob 6:2).
63Graft in the branches; begin at the last that they may be first, and that the first may be last, and dig about the trees, both old and young, the first and the last; and the last and the first, that all may be nourished once again for the last time. 64Wherefore, dig about them, and prune them, and dung them once more, for the last time, for the end draweth nigh. And if it be so that these last grafts shall grow, and bring forth the natural fruit, then shall ye prepare the way for them, that they may grow.
The master says to begin at the last that they may be first. Jesus used the same words in His parable of the laborers in the vineyard (Matthew 20:16).
65And as they begin to grow ye shall clear away the branches which bring forth bitter fruit, according to the strength of the good and the size thereof; and ye shall not clear away the bad thereof all at once, lest the roots thereof should be too strong for the graft, and the graft thereof shall perish, and I lose the trees of my vineyard. 66For it grieveth me that I should lose the trees of my vineyard; wherefore ye shall clear away the bad according as the good shall grow, that the root and the top may be equal in strength, until the good shall overcome the bad, and the bad be hewn down and cast into the fire, that they cumber not the ground of my vineyard; and thus will I sweep away the bad out of my vineyard.
The bad is cleared away gradually, according as the good shall grow, so the new grafts are not overwhelmed. Root and top stay equal in strength.
67And the branches of the natural tree will I graft in again into the natural tree; 68And the branches of the natural tree will I graft into the natural branches of the tree; and thus will I bring them together again, that they shall bring forth the natural fruit, and they shall be one. 69And the bad shall be cast away, yea, even out of all the land of my vineyard; for behold, only this once will I prune my vineyard.
The goal of all the grafting is unity: they shall bring forth the natural fruit, and they shall be one.
Jacob 5:70-77The Lord of the Vineyard Labored Also with Them
70And it came to pass that the Lord of the vineyard sent his servant; and the servant went and did as the Lord had commanded him, and brought other servants; and they were few. 71And the Lord of the vineyard said unto them: Go to, and labor in the vineyard, with your might. For behold, this is the last time that I shall nourish my vineyard; for the end is nigh at hand, and the season speedily cometh; and if ye labor with your might with me ye shall have joy in the fruit which I shall lay up unto myself against the time which will soon come. 72And it came to pass that the servants did go and labor with their mights; and the Lord of the vineyard labored also with them; and they did obey the commandments of the Lord of the vineyard in all things.
The servants for the last labor were few. The master promises that if they work with their might alongside him, they shall have joy.
73And there began to be the natural fruit again in the vineyard; and the natural branches began to grow and thrive exceedingly; and the wild branches began to be plucked off and to be cast away; and they did keep the root and the top thereof equal, according to the strength thereof. 74And thus they labored, with all diligence, according to the commandments of the Lord of the vineyard, even until the bad had been cast away out of the vineyard, and the Lord had preserved unto himself that the trees had become again the natural fruit; and they became like unto one body; and the fruits were equal; and the Lord of the vineyard had preserved unto himself the natural fruit, which was most precious unto him from the beginning. 75And it came to pass that when the Lord of the vineyard saw that his fruit was good, and that his vineyard was no more corrupt, he called up his servants, and said unto them: Behold, for this last time have we nourished my vineyard; and thou beholdest that I have done according to my will; and I have preserved the natural fruit, that it is good, even like as it was in the beginning. And blessed art thou; for because ye have been diligent in laboring with me in my vineyard, and have kept my commandments, and have brought unto me again the natural fruit, that my vineyard is no more corrupted, and the bad is cast away, behold ye shall have joy with me because of the fruit of my vineyard.
The natural fruit returns, the bad is cast out, and the trees become like unto one body. The master tells his servants, ye shall have joy with me.
76For behold, for a long time will I lay up of the fruit of my vineyard unto mine own self against the season, which speedily cometh; and for the last time have I nourished my vineyard, and pruned it, and dug about it, and dunged it; wherefore I will lay up unto mine own self of the fruit, for a long time, according to that which I have spoken. 77And when the time cometh that evil fruit shall again come into my vineyard, then will I cause the good and the bad to be gathered; and the good will I preserve unto myself, and the bad will I cast away into its own place. And then cometh the season and the end; and my vineyard will I cause to be burned with fire.
The good fruit is kept for a long time. When evil fruit appears again, the good and bad are separated, and the vineyard is burned. Jacob says the world shall be burned with fire (Jacob 6:3).
Research trail
Sources & further study
These references support the historical, linguistic, manuscript, and contextual notes in this chapter. Scripture remains the primary text; external sources are provided so readers can inspect the research directly.
- Olive TreeNotes that the olive tree is used most often in scripture to symbolize the house of Israel, and gathers the passages that use it, including 1 Nephi 10 and Jacob 5-6.
- Why Did Zenos Give So Many Details about Raising Good Olives?Summarizes the work of BYU botanist Wilford M. Hess and others, who found the allegory's horticulture largely consistent with how olives are grown, including the unusual step of grafting wild branches into a tame tree.
- What Are the Roots of Zenos's Allegory in the Ancient World?Compares the allegory with plant imagery for Israel in the Bible and the ancient Near East, and with Paul's olive tree in Romans 11.
- Is Anything Known of the Prophet Zenos Outside of the Book of Mormon?Reviews what scholars have proposed about Zenos and concludes that, while there is no direct evidence for him outside the Book of Mormon, his influence on its writers is clear.
- The Allegory of the Olive Tree: The Olive, the Bible, and Jacob 5A full volume of scholarly essays on Jacob 5: olive cultivation, ancient parallels, and the allegory's structure and teachings.
Where this echoes in Scripture
I Will Liken Thee, O House of Israel
- Jacob 4:17-18How is it possible that these, after having rejected the sure foundation, can ever build upon it… I will unfold this mystery unto you.The question the allegory answers.
- 1 Nephi 10:12-14Compared like unto an olive tree, whose branches should be broken off and should be scattered upon all the face of the earth.Lehi taught the same image.
- Jeremiah 11:16The LORD called thy name, A green olive tree, fair, and of goodly fruit.
- Romans 11:17-24Thou, being a wild olive tree, wert graffed in among them, and with them partakest of the root and fatness of the olive tree.Paul's olive tree.
The Fruit Thereof Was Like unto the Natural Fruit
- Romans 11:18Thou bearest not the root, but the root thee.
- Jacob 4:10Seek not to counsel the Lord, but to take counsel from his hand.Jacob's own words just before the allegory.
- Luke 13:6-9Lord, let it alone this year also, till I shall dig about it, and dung it.The same plea for one more season.
- Isaiah 55:8-9For my thoughts are not your thoughts, neither are your ways my ways, saith the LORD.
All Sorts of Fruit Did Cumber the Tree
- Isaiah 5:1-4He looked that it should bring forth grapes, and it brought forth wild grapes.Isaiah's song of the vineyard.
- Matthew 7:17-20Every good tree bringeth forth good fruit; but a corrupt tree bringeth forth evil fruit.
- Matthew 21:33-41A certain householder, which planted a vineyard… let it out to husbandmen.Another vineyard that failed to yield its fruit.
What Could I Have Done More for My Vineyard?
- Isaiah 5:4What could have been done more to my vineyard, that I have not done in it?The same question in Isaiah's vineyard song.
- Luke 19:41And when he was come near, he beheld the city, and wept over it.
- Matthew 23:37How often would I have gathered thy children together… and ye would not!
- Moses 7:28-29The God of heaven looked upon the residue of the people, and he wept.Enoch sees God weep over His children.
Graft Them into the Tree from Whence They Came
- 1 Nephi 10:14The natural branches of the olive tree… should be grafted in, or come to the knowledge of the true Messiah.What being grafted in means.
- 1 Nephi 15:16They shall be grafted in, being a natural branch of the olive tree, into the true olive tree.
- Isaiah 11:11-12The Lord shall set his hand again the second time to recover the remnant of his people.The verse Jacob echoes in Jacob 6:2.
- D&C 110:11Moses appeared before us, and committed unto us the keys of the gathering of Israel from the four parts of the earth.
Labor Diligently with Our Might
- Matthew 20:1-16So the last shall be first, and the first last: for many be called, but few chosen.Another vineyard parable with the same saying.
- 1 Nephi 13:42And the last shall be first, and the first shall be last.
- D&C 33:3-4It is the eleventh hour, and the last time that I shall call laborers into my vineyard.
- Ezekiel 37:17Join them one to another into one stick; and they shall become one in thine hand.
- John 17:21That they all may be one; as thou, Father, art in me, and I in thee.
The Lord of the Vineyard Labored Also with Them
- John 15:5I am the vine, ye are the branches… for without me ye can do nothing.
- Matthew 28:20Lo, I am with you alway, even unto the end of the world.
- 1 Corinthians 3:9For we are labourers together with God: ye are God's husbandry.
- Matthew 25:21Well done, thou good and faithful servant… enter thou into the joy of thy lord.
- D&C 88:110-112Satan shall be bound… And then he shall be loosed for a little season.